In the context of global climate change, enhancing ecosystem carbon storage (CS) capacity and reducing ecological risk have become essential pathways toward achieving carbon neutrality. Land use/land cover change (LUCC), as a key factor influencing both CS and ecological security, has garnered widespread attention in recent years. However, most existing studies have focused on small-scale regions, lacking comprehensive assessments at the provincial level under multiple scenarios. To address this gap, this study takes the ecologically fragile karst region of Guangxi as a case study. Based on the PLUS-InVEST model, this study construct three land use scenarios (natural development, economic development, and ecological protection) to simulate land use changes by 2030, and then conduct an integrated assessment of the dynamics of ecosystem CS and the spatial distribution of landscape ecological risk under different scenarios. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, land use in Guangxi has shown a general trend of decreasing farmland area and increasing construction land. CS has exhibited notable spatial heterogeneity over time, with an overall upward trend, particularly in forest-rich areas where CS has increased significantly. (2) By 2030, CS will be jointly driven by land use patterns, climate change, and socioeconomic factors under different scenarios, with the ecological conservation scenario leading to the greatest increase in CS. (3) Spatial auto-correlation and LISA cluster analyses reveal a spatial coupling pattern of high carbon–low risk and low carbon–high risk, suggesting that ecological conservation measures can effectively enhance carbon sequestration. These findings provide scientific support for land use optimization, ecological protection and CS management in Guangxi under the carbon neutrality goal, and offer valuable insights for land use planning and ecological risk regulation in ecologically fragile karst regions.
Despite rapid digital transformation, modern supply chains remain vulnerable, facing demand volatility, supply disruptions, operational inefficiencies, fragmented digital adoption, limited human–AI collaboration, and growing sustainability pressures. Conventional strategies focused on cost reduction and process standardization are no longer sufficient to ensure resilience, adaptability, and long-term value creation. This study presents a Smart Supply Chain Management (SSCM) framework that integrates Lean Six Sigma (LSS) with Industry 4.0 (I4.0) digital technologies and Industry 5.0 (I5.0) human-centric innovations. Implemented through the DMAIC (Define–Measure–Analyze–Improve–Control) methodology, the framework enables predictive, data-driven decision-making, operational excellence, ESG-aligned performance, and enhanced human–AI collaboration. It leverages I4.0 technologies—including AI, IoT, big data analytics, digital twins, and robotics—for real-time visibility, automation, and predictive insights, while embedding I5.0 innovations—such as collaborative robots, AR/VR, human digital twins, and emotional AI—to enhance workforce engagement, creativity, ethical decision-making, and ergonomic safety. Sustainability and social responsibility are integrated across operations, fostering resilient, adaptable, and socially responsible supply chains. By addressing critical digital, human, and operational bottlenecks, this framework delivers novel theoretical insights, actionable guidance for practitioners, and a foundation for future empirical research, offering organizations a roadmap to achieve long-term competitiveness while aligning technology adoption with human-centric and sustainable practices.
Copper is a common heavy metal contamination source for water bodies, and achieving sustainable and cost-effective removal of Cu2+ from Cu-containing wastewater remains a challenge. In this study, an economical and eco-friendly adsorbent—hydroxyapatite (HA) porous microspheres—was synthesized via a simple one-step hydrothermal method. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacity of HA porous microspheres for Cu2+ is 116 mg/g, approximately 3.74 times that of reported HA nanosheet adsorbents. The adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Sips isotherm model. The correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9997. Linear fitting of the amounts of Cu2+ removed and Ca2+ leached at the same time revealed an R2 value as high as 0.997, indicating that ion exchange is the dominant adsorption mechanism. Therefore, the excellent adsorption performance is attributed to the high specific surface area (207 m2/g) and mesoporous structure of the spherical HA adsorbent, which provides abundant active sites and promotes efficient ion diffusion. These structural advantages significantly enhanced the two primary adsorption mechanisms: ion exchange and surface complexation. Furthermore, the effects of adsorbent dosage, solution pH, reaction time, initial Cu2+ concentration, and temperature on adsorption performance were systematically investigated. Finally, the adsorption mechanism was investigated by characterizing the adsorbed material using XRD, FTIR, and XPS. It was determined that ion exchange, complexation, and electrostatic attraction are the main adsorption mechanisms. This study enhances the adsorption capacity of HA materials for Cu2+ by controlling morphology, offering new perspectives for developing high-performance, economical, eco-friendly, and sustainable adsorbents.
This study analyzes Meteora in Greece, a tourism destination whose spatial formation is shaped by bioclimatic factors, as a case study. The study analyzes how orientation, wind influence, thermal mass, and microclimate conditions affect spatial organization and architectural typologies. The relationship between space and climate is investigated using spatial mapping, orientation analysis, field observation, and photographic documentation methods. Findings indicate that monastic entrances are predominantly oriented toward southeastern exposures to maximize winter solar gain and reduce northern wind impact, while hermit caves cluster on south-facing rock surfaces, benefiting from thermal stability. The study concludes that Meteora represents an early example of climate-adaptive spatial planning, where bioclimatic intelligence shaped both sacred settlement patterns and contemporary tourism sustainability.
The rational design of cost-effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is pivotal for advancing green hydrogen production. This study presents a substrate-engineered Br-doped nickel-cobalt phosphide (NiCoP) electrocatalyst fabricated through a stepwise synthesis protocol. A porous and roughened nickel foam (NF) is initially constructed to provide a 3D conductive scaffold, followed by the hydrothermal growth of vertically aligned NiCo-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets. Subsequent controlled pyrolysis in the presence of a bromine source yields Br-doped NiCoP nanoarrays securely anchored on the NF/Ni substrate. Comprehensive structural characterization confirms the successful Br incorporation, which induces lattice distortion and optimizes the electronic configuration of NiCoP, while the interconnected porous architecture enhances electrolyte infiltration and gas release. Electrochemical evaluations reveal exceptional OER performance, achieving an ultralow overpotential of 220 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 61.2 mV·dec−1 in 1 M KOH, surpassing most reported NiCo-based phosphides. In-situ Raman spectroscopy and post-OER characterization uncover dynamic surface reconstruction into Br-enriched (oxy)hydroxide active species, elucidating the dual role of Br as both an electronic modulator and a stabilizer for reactive intermediates. This work demonstrates a substrate-guided heteroatom doping strategy to engineer high-performance bimetallic phosphide electrocatalysts, offering insights into interface engineering for sustainable energy technologies.
