High-Temperature Materials - Journal

Articles (49) All Articles

Open Access

Article

13 July 2026

Dynamic Mechanics of Carbon Containing Alumina Refractories and the Effect of Carbon Resource and Cyclic Thermal Exposure

Dynamic thermo-mechanical stresses caused by sudden temperature changes and molten steel impact, etc., accelerate the degradation of Al₂O₃-C refractories during service. To investigate the dynamic degradation behavior, dynamic mechanical tests were conducted using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB), systematically examining the effects of partial substitution of flake graphite by expanded graphite and thermal degradation. The results show that the Al₂O₃-C refractories exhibit a significant strain-rate hardening effect, with strength increasing with impact velocity and the failure mode progressively transitioning from crack propagation to pulverization. Cyclic prolonged thermal exposure to 1500 °C contributes to the SiC whiskers formation and densification, and results in the increase strength and brittleness. The phenomenon of specimen after 5 cycles having the optimal impact resistance proves the both the strength and energy dominated failure process. The introduction of expanded graphite effectively suppresses crack propagation and enhances energy dissipation capacity through interlayer sliding and stress buffering related to the myrmekitic texture, which provides a rationale for the development of low-carbon materials.

Zexian Wang

Haodong Wu

Tianbin Zhu

Juan Yang

Shengli Jin

Yawei Li

Yajie Dai*

High-Temp. Mater.

2026,

(3), 10014;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2026.10014

Open Access

Article

30 June 2026

High Temperature Fatigue Crack Growth Kinetics of a High Performance Ferritic (HiperFer) Steel

The fatigue crack propagation behavior of an experimental fully ferritic high-chromium steel HiperFer 17Cr2 was investigated at elevated temperatures of 650 °C and 675 °C at loading frequencies of 20, 5, and 0.05 Hz, motivated by the demand for advanced high-temperature materials capable of improving the thermodynamic efficiency of future thermal energy conversion systems and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The widely used 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb ferritic-martensitic steel P91 was examined in parallel at 650 °C for benchmarking purposes. Complementary microstructural analyses were performed to characterize frequency- and temperature-dependent damage mechanisms. At 650 °C, the stress intensity required for the initiation of crack propagation was substantially higher in HiperFer 17Cr2 than in P91 across all tested frequencies. Furthermore, crack growth rates were up to half an order of magnitude lower in HiperFer 17Cr2. At 675 °C, frequency-dependent damage mechanisms were identified, including dynamic recovery, subgrain formation, and pipe diffusion-assisted redistribution of Cr and Nb, promoting formation of the metastable C14 Cr₂Nb Laves phase at grain and sub-grain boundaries. These precipitates effectively impeded crack progression, while crack-tip blunting reduced the local driving force for crack propagation. The results indicate that HiperFer 17Cr2 is suitable for continuous service at 675 °C under high-cycle fatigue conditions in the frequency range from 5 to 20 Hz.

Torsten Fischer

Bernd Kuhn*

High-Temp. Mater.

2026,

(3), 10013;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2026.10013

Open Access

Review

29 June 2026

Development of Novel 20Cr Ferritic Stainless Steels via Nanoscale G-Phase Dispersion Strengthening: A Brief Review

Extensive investigations have revealed the precipitation of nanometer-scale silicides, identified as G-phase, within the ferritic matrix of duplex stainless steels during prolonged thermal aging. These silicides typically exhibit a well-defined coherent orientation relationship with the ferrite matrix, specifically (100_G//100_F, 110_G//110_F, 111_G//111_F). Consequently, the authors and their research team proposed a novel concept in 2015: utilizing the G-phase as a primary strengthening phase. It was proposed that through strategic alloy design, these silicides—ordinarily considered deleterious in duplex stainless steels—could be used to develop a new generation of dispersion-strengthened ferritic stainless steels. This approach aims to significantly enhance the yield strength of the alloy while maintaining excellent tensile ductility. Over the past decade, the authors and their research team have focused on nanoscale G-phase dispersion-strengthened ferritic stainless steels. By combining first-principles calculations with thermodynamic database-driven alloy design, a series of new ferritic stainless steel systems based on G-phase strengthening has been developed. These efforts have yielded extensive fundamental results regarding the compositional control, microstructural design, and mechanical properties of silicide-strengthened 20Cr ferritic stainless steels. Based on a comprehensive review of the existing literature, this paper further summarizes the compositional design criteria and microstructural control strategies for G-phase strengthened steels. It is hoped that this work will encourage further fundamental research and industrial applications in this field.

Mujin Yang

Daobin Zhang

Dingding Zhu

Bo Du

Minglin He

Jiang Yi*

Zhifu Yao*

Shuai Wang

Cuiping Wang

Xingjun Liu*

High-Temp. Mater.

2026,

(2), 10012;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2026.10012

Open Access

Article

10 June 2026

Mullite-Corundum-Al₂TiO₅ Foamed Ceramics with Extremely Low Thermal Conductivity Induced by Multiple Thermal Resistance

In the context of the global implementation of the dual carbon strategy, enhancing the thermal insulation performance of kiln insulation layers to reduce energy consumption is a highly effective route to achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. In this work, mullite foamed ceramics were fabricated via a direct-foaming method using industrial alumina and white clay as raw materials, and the thermal conductivity was decreased by introducing a secondary phase and increasing the interfacial thermal resistance. The influence of the TiO₂ addition on the phase composition, pore characteristics, and properties was systematically investigated by means of XRD, SEM, and EDS. The results indicate that the foamed ceramics are mainly composed of mullite, with minor phases including corundum and aluminum titanate. It has been demonstrated that increasing the TiO₂ addition decreased the ceramic’s thermal conductivity, due to the formation of low-thermal-conductivity Al₂TiO₅ phases and the elevation of the interfacial thermal resistance. The specimen exhibiting the optimal properties is characterized by a porosity of 77.8%, a strength of 1.86 MPa, and a thermal conductivity of 0.216 W/(m·K) (1000 °C), achieved with a TiO₂ addition of 6 wt%.

Wenying Zhou

Lei Zhang

Zheng Zhang

Xiaojie Ji

Xingshuo Liu

Changcun Li

Jianbiao Kong

Penghui Du*

Degang Zhao*

High-Temp. Mater.

2026,

(2), 10011;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2026.10011

Open Access

Review

28 May 2026

Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing of Ti₂AlNb Alloys: A Review of Processes, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Ti₂AlNb alloy, a new generation of low-density titanium aluminide intermetallic compound, possesses excellent high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and moderate density, making it a promising candidate for high-temperature aerospace structural components. Powder-based additive manufacturing technology provides an effective approach for fabricating high-performance Ti₂AlNb components, featuring high design freedom, efficient forming, and a controllable microstructure. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of powder-based additive manufacturing of Ti₂AlNb alloys, focusing on three mainstream powder-based processes, including Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Selective Electron Beam Melting (SEBM), and Direct Laser Deposition (DLD). The regulation effect of the extreme non-equilibrium thermal cycle during powder-based additive manufacturing on the alloy microstructure is analyzed, and the correlation between process parameters and mechanical properties of components is summarized. Meanwhile, the key challenges in this field are identified, such as the difficulty in completely eliminating typical forming defects, insufficient precision of microstructure regulation, and a lack of theoretical guidance for process optimization. Finally, combined with technological development trends, future research directions are prospected from the aspects of defect control, microstructure, and mechanical property regulation, as well as engineering application.

Ping Liu

Zhihao Zhu*

Liang Jia

High-Temp. Mater.

2026,

(2), 10010;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2026.10010

Open Access

Article

08 May 2026

Characterization and Thermal Study of Raw and Purified Pyrophyllites

Pyrophyllite is a 2:1 layered silicate with interest in ceramics, refractories, and several other important applications. In this work, an investigation into the thermal behaviour of several natural and purified pyrophyllite samples, including a pyrophyllite clay, has been conducted. A previous characterization of these samples has been carried out by AA, XRD, thermal analysis by thermo-dilatometry and DTA-TG, surface area, and SEM-EDX. Thus, relevant chemical, mineralogical, thermal, and textural data of these samples have been obtained. As a second step of this investigation, the thermal behaviour of these pyrophyllite samples has been investigated by XRD and SEM after several thermal treatments at 800, 1100 and 1150 °C during 24 h. The formation of dehydroxylated pyrophyllite as a crystalline phase in the samples was established after 1050 °C by XRD, and its permanency above this temperature, with little changes in morphological features, as revealed by SEM. When thermal treatment was progressive at higher temperatures (1300 °C) the following was evidenced by XRD: (a) the formation and crystallization of mullite (3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂), with a progressive destruction of dehydroxylated pyrophyllite, and (b) the formation of cristobalite (SiO₂). This later phase was formed by crystallization of the amorphous silica, detected as a hump by XRD, which is segregated in the solid-state reaction of formation of mullite. This treatment produces a new microstructure with elongated and needle-like crystals of mullite according to SEM observations. All these results have been found of interest for the preparation of ceramic materials, mullite-based ceramics, and refractories using these pyrophyllite samples.

Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto

Vanesa García-Garzón

Eduardo Garzón*

Juan A. Sánchez-Garrido*

Luis Pérez-Villarejo

Sergio Martínez-Martínez

High-Temp. Mater.

2026,

(2), 10009;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2026.10009

Open Access

Communication

30 April 2026

Peculiarities of Radiation Synthesis of MeWO₄ Ceramics

We report the results of MeWO₄ ceramics synthesis by the direct exposure of metal (Mg, Ca, Zn, W) oxides mixture to a high-power flux of high-energy electrons. The oxide powder particle sizes are 1–10 microns. The synthesis occurs with high efficiency in less than 1 s without the use of any additional substances and energy sources. The purpose of this work is to establish the main processes that ensure the effective synthesis of MgWO₄, CaWO₄, and ZnWO₄ ceramics from ZnO, CaO, MgO, and WO₄ oxides, which differ significantly in their physical and chemical properties. It has been found that the dependence of synthesis efficiency on the electron beam power density and the power density threshold at which synthesis begins varies significantly for simple metal oxides and is very close for the tungstates of these metals. The most probable explanation for the observed effect is redistribution of absorbed radiation energy. WO₃ powder particles have a high absorptance of the incident electron radiation. The result is a cascade multiplication of primary electrons into secondary electrons with much lower energy. Secondary electrons are efficiently absorbed by MgO, CaO, and ZnO particles, leading to their efficient decomposition and the formation of a new phase.

Zhanar Bakiyeva

Victor Lisitsyn

Gulnur Alpysova

Anna Karnaukhova*

Dossymkhan Mussakhanov

Dmitriy Afanasyev

Mickhail Golkovski

High-Temp. Mater.

2026,

(2), 10008;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2026.10008

Open Access

Article

24 April 2026

Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Post-Processed IN 625 Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is widely used for manufacturing nickel-based superalloy components with complex geometries; however, the process produces non-equilibrium microstructures characterized by directional grain growth, cellular substructures, and compositional segregation, which can lead to anisotropic mechanical behavior. In this study, the influence of multiple post-processing heat-treatment routes on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of LPBF-fabricated Inconel 625 (IN625) was systematically investigated by combining stress relief, hot isostatic pressing (HIP), and solution annealing. Microstructural characterization was performed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, while tensile properties were evaluated from room temperature to 700 °C. The HT3 condition resulted in a fully recrystallized, equiaxed grain structure with reduced segregation and minimal Nb-rich Laves phase, leading to nearly isotropic mechanical properties, with an ultimate tensile strength of approximately 880 MPa and an elongation exceeding 50%. Elevated-temperature testing demonstrated stable mechanical performance, with a localized strengthening effect near 600 °C attributed to dynamic strain aging. These results demonstrate that appropriate post-processing can effectively homogenize LPBF IN625 and improve its mechanical reliability.

Alber Sadek*

High-Temp. Mater.

2026,

(2), 10007;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2026.10007

Open Access

Article

25 March 2026

Quartz-Based Castables with Calcium Silicate Cement as Binder-Mineralizer: Replacing Shaped Product for Large-Scale Fabrication

To meet the demand for intelligent masonry of large-sized silica bricks, calcium silicate cement synthesized from high-purity nano CaCO₃ and microsilica was used as both binder and mineralizer in quartz-based castables. The effects of cement content (3−5 wt%) on performance were systematically investigated. With optimal retarder (0.015% citric acid monohydrate), the samples achieved early flexural and compressive strengths of 1.30 MPa and 7.0 MPa, respectively, after 24 h curing. During firing at 1430 °C for 20 h, CaO from cement effectively promoted quartz transformation to tridymite. Compared to conventional silica bricks, castables with 5% cement showed residual quartz below 1%, lower apparent porosity, over 2.5−fold higher cold crushing strength, comparable high-temperature creep, and superior refractoriness under load. This study demonstrates the dual gelling and mineralizing role of calcium silicate cement, offering a feasible route for producing large-sized quartz-based precast components.

Zuling Chen

Yawei Li*

Ning Liao*

Wenjing Liu

Shengli Jin*

Wanneng Yuan

Baoshan Tian

Wenxian Bai

Dayan Xu

High-Temp. Mater.

2026,

(1), 10006;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2026.10006

Open Access

Review

23 March 2026

Review on Preparation Strategies and Performance Control of High Solid Loading Ceramic Slurries for Photocurable 3D Printing

Stereolithography 3D printing technology is widely used in aerospace, automotive, medical, weapons, and other fields because of its high processing accuracy, low cost, simple operation, and flexible manufacturing. The photocuring 3D printing ceramic slurry is a key part of the photocuring 3D printing ceramic technology. The preparation techniques of photocurable 3D printing ceramic slurry mainly include the mechanical mixing method, sol-gel method, ultrasonic dispersion method, and in-situ polymerization method. This paper summarizes the preparation methods and research progress of photocuring 3D printing ceramic slurry, expounds the essence of photocuring and the composition and function of ceramic slurry, and analyzes the influence of various properties of photocuring 3D printing ceramic slurry on the properties of final products, such as rheological properties, solid content, curing thickness, and stability. Finally, the existing problems and future development potential of photocuring 3D printing ceramic slurry preparation technology are summarized.

He Li*

Weiyi Li

Yunzhi Huang

High-Temp. Mater.

2026,

(1), 10005;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2026.10005

Open Access

Review

21 February 2025

Cement-Free Binders in Alumina-Magnesia Refractory Castables—A Review

To solve the problem of the accelerated deterioration of calcium aluminate (CAC)-bonded alumina-magnesia refractory castables during the secondary refining process, the development of cement-free binders has emerged as one significant research field of castables. The hydration behavior, curing mechanism, and properties of the most recent research on cement-free binders are compared in this paper. The problems and the modification of each binder of recent research are summarized. High-temperature performance of the castables bonded by traditional hydraulic cement-free binders (ρ-Al₂O₃ and activated MgO) is outstanding, explosive spalling resistance of the castables bonded by sol binders (silica sol, alumina sol) is good, and the properties of the castables bonded by novel organic hydratable binder (hydratable magnesium citrate) combine the advantages of these two binders above, but the mid-temperature mechanical strength is low. Furthermore, alumina-magnesia castables bonded by organic-composited inorganic cement-free binders are expected to be a future domain.

Luyan Sun

Donghai Ding*

Guoqing Xiao*

Jianjun Chen

Yuan Feng

High-Temp. Mater.

2025,

(1), 10002;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2025.10002

Open Access

Article

17 April 2024

Thermogravimetric Study of the Oxidation Behavior of the Cantor’s Alloy at 1000 °C and Beyond

A polycrystalline Cantor alloy, equimolar in Co, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni, was cast. It was subjected to oxidation in a thermo-balance in a flow of synthetic dry air, at 1000, 1050, 1100 and 1150 °C. The mass gain was globally parabolic but rather irregular. The parabolic constants, ranging from 55 to 700 × 10⁻¹²·g²·cm⁻⁴·s⁻¹, are much higher than for a chromia-forming alloy. They obey an Arrhenius law with an activation energy equal to 270 kJ/mol. The external oxide scales formed are composed of an outer part made of manganese oxide and an inner part made of (Cr, Mn) oxide containing a thin internal layer of chromia. The Mn and Cr-depleted depths and the Mn and Cr masses lost by the alloy increase with the oxidation temperature. Cr-rich acicular particles precipitated in subsurface at 1100 °C and internal oxidation along the grain boundaries are present in the whole thickness of the sample oxidized at 1150 °C. Oxide spallation occurred during the cooling, at temperatures in the 200–350 °C range, only for the alloys oxidized at 1050 and 1100 °C. Not too thick scale (1000 °C) or deep internal oxidation (1150 °C) may be favorable for scale adherence.

Patrice Berthod*

Lionel Aranda

High-Temp. Mater.

2024,

(1), 10002;

DOI: 10.35534/htm.2024.10002

Open Access

Article

31 December 2024

Porous 430L Stainless Steel as a Support Layer for Planar Solid Oxide Cells: Effect of Porosity on Mechanical Properties

Porous 430L stainless steel components fabricated via tape casting underwent mechanical testing for potential in-vehicle application as mechanical supports of solid oxide cells. Tests included three-point bending up to 5% strain to assess flexural strength, yield strength, Young’s modulus, indentation hardness, and microstructural characterization. This study aimed to establish the relationship between pore former size and volume fraction and the resulting yield strength. It also compared sintered material without pore former, focusing on the influence of a wide range of porosity of up to 46.5%. The materials exhibited an inverse relationship for Young’s modulus, hardness and yield strength as a function of porosity. The lowest flexural yield strength obtained was approximately 120 MPa at the highest porosity of 46.5%, meeting the requirement of 59 MPa for the bipolar plates of existing proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.

Yifei Yan

Dhruv Bajaj

Daolun Chen

Olivera Kesler*

High-Temp. Mater.

2024,

(2), 10011;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2024.10011

Open Access

Review

09 January 2025

Recent Advancements in Alumina-Based High-Temperature Insulating Materials: Properties, Applications, and Future Perspectives

As a high-temperature thermal insulation material with excellent mechanical properties, alumina (Al₂O₃)-based materials hold significant potential for applications in aerospace, advanced manufacturing, automobiles, industrial furnaces, and other fields. However, the inherent brittleness of alumina poses a limitation to its wider application. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop alumina-based materials that offer high toughness while retaining superior mechanical properties. This paper begins by exploring the structure of alumina, highlighting its thermal conductivity, insulation, and mechanical properties in high-temperature environments. It then reviews the classification and synthesis methods of alumina-based materials, along with the latest advances in design strategies. Notably, the rational design of alumina composition, structure, and morphology is emphasized as crucial for optimizing material performance, thereby supporting the industrial development and application of these materials in high-tech sectors. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and evolution of alumina-based materials in real-world industrial applications and suggests potential directions for future development.

Yufei Sun

Suya Li

Qi Zhao

Zihan Cong

Yuguo Xia

Xiuling Jiao

Dairong Chen*

High-Temp. Mater.

2025,

(1), 10001;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2025.10001

Open Access

Review

11 June 2025

Recent Advances in High-Temperature Properties of High-Entropy Alloys

High-temperature alloys are critical for advanced thermal components in aerospace and energy industries. Conventional alloys, which rely on a single principal element with limited alloying additions, often exhibit insufficient phase stability and rapid oxidation at extreme temperatures. In recent years, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as revolutionary candidates for high-temperature applications, overcoming the limitations of conventional alloys through their unique multi-principal element design and exceptional performance. This review systematically examines the latest progress in HEAs’ key high-temperature properties: tensile properties, creep resistance, oxidation resistance, and phase stability. Research demonstrates that HEAs achieve remarkable mechanical properties at elevated temperatures through multiple mechanisms, such as lattice distortion effects, precipitation of ordered L1₂-structured phases, and refined grain boundary engineering. For instance, refractory HEAs like MoNbTaVW and Hf-Nb-Ti-V systems exhibit superior creep resistance at temperatures exceeding 1600 °C, outperforming traditional nickel-based superalloys. The slow diffusion of oxygen and the formation of multi-component oxide layers enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of high-entropy alloys. Additionally, HEAs display excellent phase stability under thermal exposure, driven by high configurational entropy and optimized microstructural designs, including nanoscale lamellar phases and coherent precipitates. Despite these advances, challenges remain in balancing mechanical strength with ductility, ensuring long-term durability under cyclic thermal-mechanical loads, and tailoring compositions for extreme service conditions. Future efforts should integrate machine learning, computational modeling, and high-throughput experiments to accelerate the discovery of novel HEA systems and validate their performance in practical applications. By addressing these challenges, HEAs are poised to revolutionize material solutions for next-generation aerospace engines, nuclear reactors, and high-efficiency energy systems.

Weiming Pan

Daoyuan Huang

Wanlin Wang

Guangyang Dou

Peisheng Lyu*

High-Temp. Mater.

2025,

(2), 10011;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2025.10011

Open Access

Review

27 August 2024

Strongly Correlated Electrons and High Temperature Superconductivity

It is very important to clarify the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity in strongly correlated electron systems. The mechanism of superconductivity in high temperature cuprate superconductors has been studied extensively since their discovery. We investigate the properties of correlated electron systems and mechanism of superconductivity by using the optimization quantum variational Monte Carlo method. The many-body wave function is constructed by multiplying by correlation operators of exponential type. We show that d-wave superconducting phase exists in the strongly correlated region where the on-site repulsive interaction is as large as the bandwidth or more than the bandwidth. The d-wave pairing correlation function is shown as a function of lattice sites, showing that the long-range order indeed exists.

Takashi Yanagisawa*

High-Temp. Mater.

2024,

(1), 10004;

DOI: 10.35534/htm.2024.10004

Open Access

Article

14 November 2024

Hardness-Porosity-Grain Size Interrelationship in Conventionally Sintered 3 mol% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia

Considerable research has been done in the past on expensive, <50 nm particle size 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) using advanced sintering techniques. However, insights are still needed to reveal which factors among grain size and porosity, when both are changing simultaneously, more strongly control the hardness of conventionally sintered, relatively coarse, 250 nm 3YSZ powder, which can be used to make large industrial engineering ceramic parts at a lower cost. This investigation showed that elevating the sintering temperature from 1500 °C to 1650 °C increased the Rockwell hardness from 49.4 HRA to 86.0 HRA, which was concomitant with an increase in grain size and bulk density. A pseudo-inverse Hall-Petch relationship between hardness and grain size was observed given by H (in HRA) = 153.1 − 69.2/$$\small\sqrt{(\mathrm{grain}\,\mathrm{size})}$$ with a somewhat low R² of 0.95, which was mainly due to the porosity being an additional important variable. Compared to grain size, the impact of open pore fraction (P) on hardness was stronger, inferred from a higher R² of 0.99 while fitting the data into the well-known exponential decay equation, H = 92.9 exp(−11.1P). Finally, it was observed that the 3YSZ conventionally sintered at 1650 °C for 2 h had 0.8% open porosity, 6.08 g/cm³bulk density, 960 nm grain size and consisted of only tetragonal ZrO₂.

Abhijeet Phatak

Prashant Gupta

Somnath Mandal*

Harshit Agrawal

Om Parkash

Devendra Kumar

High-Temp. Mater.

2024,

(2), 10008;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2024.10008

Open Access

Review

13 June 2025

Advances in Sintering Technologies for SiC Ceramics: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Industrial Applications

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics have become critical materials for high-temperature engineering applications because of their exceptional mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and chemical stability. In order to meet the diverse needs of industrial applications, various sintering methods have been developed. These include traditional methods such as pressureless sintering, reaction-bonded sintering, hot pressing, and recrystallization, as well as advanced technologies like spark plasma sintering, oscillatory pressure sintering, and flash sintering. This review provides a systematic analysis of both traditional and advanced sintering techniques for SiC ceramics. It highlights their mechanisms, critical process parameters, and impacts on the final material properties. Key challenges, including high sintering temperatures, additive selection, microstructural control, and scalability, are examined. Strategies for balancing cost-efficiency with performance are also discussed. In addition, recent advancements in SiC-based composite materials for applications ranging from aerospace components to catalytic filtration systems are presented. Finally, future research directions are proposed. These focus on precise additive engineering, microstructure tailoring, and innovative sintering methodologies to speed up the transition of high-performance SiC ceramics from laboratory prototypes to large-scale industrial implementation.

Yufeng Chen

Chao Yu*

Xu Cheng

Ruiting Wang

Chengji Deng

Jun Ding

Zhenglong Liu

Beiyue Ma

Hongxi Zhu

Jiaxun Hu

Chuanqi Tan

High-Temp. Mater.

2025,

(3), 10013;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2025.10013

Open Access

Review

25 February 2025

Innovations in IN939: From Cast Alloy to Additive Manufacturing

Nickel-based superalloys are the most reliable material choice for the hot sections of turbines. These superalloys are mainly employed in aircraft engines, particularly in the combustor and turbine sections. In this scenario, the growing need for materials that can endure high temperatures while retaining their strength has driven the development of IN939. Although IN939 holds these significant important properties and applications, it has received less attention in recent literature than other superalloys. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the main research on IN939 over the past 50 years. From 1970 to 1980, research primarily focused on the development of IN939 through casting methods. Between 1980 and 1990, the emphasis shifted to studying its oxidation resistance and microstructural stability during service. The period from 1990 to 2000 focused on repairing components after long service time at high temperatures. In recent decades, advances in additive manufacturing techniques have led to growing interest in developing IN939 using methods like laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Research in the area has demonstrated that the LPBF technique offers a promising approach to manufacturing high-performance IN939 components.

Sgambaro De Lorenzi Mariana

Verner Soh

Delvin Wuu

Si Rong Ng

Desmond Lau

Siyuan Wei

Chee Koon Ng

Wenqi Guo

Pei Wang

Zhongji Sun*

Zhili Dong*

High-Temp. Mater.

2025,

(1), 10003;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2025.10003

Open Access

Article

29 September 2024

Reactions and Phase Transformations at Sintering of Cubic Boron Nitride Based Materials

Superhard cubic boron nitride (cBN) cutting materials with different contents of cBN were investigated. The compositions of cBN-based materials included ceramic and metallic binders. The sintering of materials was performed by high-temperature hot pressing (HPHT) six-anvil apparatus at pressure 4.5 GPa and temperatures 1400–1450 °C. The process of compaction and processing of superhard cBN materials is followed by numerous chemical reactions. The chemical reactions are very important in compaction and sintering. The volume transformations during chemical reactions affect the shrinkage of the materials and may also impact the residual porosity of the finished products. The adhesion between the grains also depends on these chemical reactions. The research analyzed the volume transformations of various reactions during HPHT sintering of cBN materials, which may play a significant role in forming their structure and properties.

Stepan Pavlov

Andrey Yurkov*

Mikhail Andrianov

High-Temp. Mater.

2024,

(1), 10006;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2024.10006

Open Access

Review

09 January 2025

Recent Advancements in Alumina-Based High-Temperature Insulating Materials: Properties, Applications, and Future Perspectives

Yufei Sun

Suya Li

Qi Zhao

Zihan Cong

Yuguo Xia

Xiuling Jiao

Dairong Chen*

High-Temp. Mater.

2025,

(1), 10001;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2025.10001

Open Access

Review

11 June 2025

Recent Advances in High-Temperature Properties of High-Entropy Alloys

Weiming Pan

Daoyuan Huang

Wanlin Wang

Guangyang Dou

Peisheng Lyu*

High-Temp. Mater.

2025,

(2), 10011;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2025.10011

Open Access

Article

14 November 2024

Hardness-Porosity-Grain Size Interrelationship in Conventionally Sintered 3 mol% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia

Abhijeet Phatak

Prashant Gupta

Somnath Mandal*

Harshit Agrawal

Om Parkash

Devendra Kumar

High-Temp. Mater.

2024,

(2), 10008;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2024.10008

Open Access

Article

17 April 2024

Thermogravimetric Study of the Oxidation Behavior of the Cantor’s Alloy at 1000 °C and Beyond

Patrice Berthod*

Lionel Aranda

High-Temp. Mater.

2024,

(1), 10002;

DOI: 10.35534/htm.2024.10002

Open Access

Review

21 February 2025

Cement-Free Binders in Alumina-Magnesia Refractory Castables—A Review

Luyan Sun

Donghai Ding*

Guoqing Xiao*

Jianjun Chen

Yuan Feng

High-Temp. Mater.

2025,

(1), 10002;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2025.10002

Open Access

Review

02 September 2024

A Review on the Application of Nanomaterials to Boost the Service Performances of Carbon-Containing Refractories

To meet the high-quality requirements for clean steel production and fully exploit the performance advantages of carbon-containing refractories, nanomaterial has been introduced into the matrix to develop advanced carbon-containing refractories. Nanomaterials, as critical additives, play a crucial role in developing novel refractories. The service performances of carbon-containing refractories are affected not only by their physical and chemical properties but also by their microstructure. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on oxide-carbon composite refractories containing nanomaterials, categorized by their composition: nanocarbons, nano oxides, and nano non-oxides. Incorporating nanomaterials can enhance the service performances of the refractories, optimizing phase composition and microstructure. Furthermore, future research directions in nanomaterial technology for carbon-containing refractories are discussed.utf-8

Junyi Lv

Haijun Zhang

Haohui Gu

Feng Liang*

High-Temp. Mater.

2024,

(1), 10005;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2024.10005

Open Access

Review

13 June 2025

Advances in Sintering Technologies for SiC Ceramics: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Industrial Applications

Yufeng Chen

Chao Yu*

Xu Cheng

Ruiting Wang

Chengji Deng

Jun Ding

Zhenglong Liu

Beiyue Ma

Hongxi Zhu

Jiaxun Hu

Chuanqi Tan

High-Temp. Mater.

2025,

(3), 10013;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2025.10013

Open Access

Review

14 April 2025

Advancements in Flexible Ceramic Fibers for High-Temperature Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Flexible ceramic fibers (FCFs) have emerged as a highly promising material for high-temperature applications, effectively combining the excellent thermal stability of ceramic materials with the robust mechanical properties of flexible fibers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in multifunctional FCF devices, focusing on innovative methods across material selection, structural design, and fabrication techniques to enhance their functional properties. These improvements, i.e., mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and oxidation resistance, make FCFs particularly suitable for a wide range of applications, including energy storage, sensing, and high-temperature filtration. Notably, advancements in fabrication techniques have enabled the creation of novel FCF devices for thermal insulation and high-temperature sensing, such as stretchable ceramic membranes and printable ceramic fiber papers. The review concludes by discussing the future potential of FCFs, especially in multifunctional applications in high-temperature environments, where they can serve as essential components of advanced technologies. This work highlights the versatility and potential of FCFs as a transformative material for next-generation high-temperature applications.utf-8

Zijian Xu

Ying Lyu

Chao Hou

Yanqi Han

Yunzhao Bai

YongAn Huang*

Kan Li*

High-Temp. Mater.

2025,

(2), 10007;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2025.10007

Open Access

Article

22 August 2024

Erosion Resistance of BaZrO₃-Y₂O₃ Two-Phase Crucibles against Highly Active Ti₂Ni Alloys

In this paper, (100-m) BaZrO₃-mY₂O₃ (m = 0, 20, 25, 33, 50, 100) crucibles were prepared, respectively. Then, the effect of crucible composition on the interaction between crucibles and highly active titanium alloys (Ti₂Ni) was investigated. The degree of the erosion resistance of crucibles was compared before and after melting as well as the contaminated extent of the alloys. The results show that the two-phase crucibles consisting of BaZr_1−xY_xO_3−δ and Y₂O₃(ZrO₂), could be prepared after adding Y₂O₃ into the BaZrO₃ crucible. As the amount of Y₂O₃ addition in the crucible was increased, the erosion resistance of the crucible to the alloy melt was gradually improved. The two-phase crucible with 50 wt.% Y₂O₃ addition exhibited the best erosion resistance with a 7 μm thick erosion layer, which was at the same level compared to the pure Y₂O₃ crucible (6.5 μm). However, the inclusion contaminants caused by this two-phase crucible were smaller than those of the pure Y₂O₃ crucible. This study provided a theoretical basis for further research on the preparation of highly stable crucibles for melting highly active titanium alloys.utf-8

Qisheng Feng

Shaowen Deng

Houjin Liao

Chenxi Liu

Pengyue Gao

Enhui Wang

Xinmei Hou*

Guangyao Chen*

Chonghe Li*

High-Temp. Mater.

2024,

(1), 10003;

DOI: 10.35534/htm.2024.10003

Open Access

Article

06 June 2025

Effects of Changing the Specific Surface Area in the Ceramic Matrix of CAC-Containing Refractory Castables on the Initial Stiffening and Setting Behaviour

Besides the coarse and medium grain size distribution, the matrix components play a central role in the performance of refractory castables. Practical experience shows that the particle size distribution (PSD) and the specific surface area of the ceramic matrix significantly influence processing, setting, and sintering behaviour. However, there is a lack of systematic studies on how PSD or specific surface area changes affect castable properties. This study aims to address this gap by varying ceramic matrices to create refractory model castables with different matrix surface areas. Three dispersing agents with different mechanisms (electrosteric and steric) were used at graded concentrations. Results show that castables with higher specific surface areas (using (very) finely ground and highly sintered alumina raw materials with high specific surface areas) and different dispersing agents and their concentrations show substantial differences in the initial stiffening and setting behaviour. Higher specific surface areas of the matrix result in an earlier first stiffening, while adding more dispersing agents leads to delayed stiffening. The refractory model castables’ first stiffening and hydration range (with a simultaneous temperature maximum) vary considerably depending on the dispersing agent used and its concentration, caused by completely different mechanisms.utf-8

Florian Holleyn*

Tim Waldstädt

Johannes Kasper

Christian Dannert

Olaf Krause

High-Temp. Mater.

2025,

(2), 10009;

DOI: 10.70322/htm.2025.10009

High-Temperature Materials Open Access

Editors-in-Chief Editorial Board

Prof. Dr. Hongxia Li

Prof. Dr. Xinping Mao

Prof. Dr. Victor Carlos Pandolfelli

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