Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) presents diagnostic challenges due to heterogeneity, comorbidity rates, and reliance on subjective, phenomenological criteria, resulting in misdiagnosis or treatment delays. This structured narrative review with quantitative tabular synthesis, conceptual mapping, and clinical workflow integration employed a sunflower life-cycle metaphor to bridge clinical expertise and machine learning (ML) technologies, while surveying recent empirical studies (2017–2023) to capture methodological variation in ADHD assessment workflows. Ten studies were selected based on relevance to ML applications for ADHD identification and classification, with deliberate representation of diversity in study design, sample characteristics, data modalities, and ML model-type. The method comprised (a) broad interpretive literature searches, (b) extraction of study-level data, and (c) mapping of ML approaches onto a standardized evidence-based ADHD assessment workflow. Analyses included qualitative synthesis of sample characteristics (youth-focused, N = 38–238,696), data modalities (behavioral surveys, EHR, neuroimaging, genetics), ML models (RF, SVM, DNN), performance metrics, phenotype- and genotype-based distinctions; quantitative aggregation of reported performance metrics (accuracy 66–93%, AUC 0.66–0.94); cross-validation practice, and model-level considerations; and tabular summarization of limitations and multidimensional predictors. Syntheses produced comparative tables, a human–AI diagnostic workflow diagram, and explicit alignment of ML applications with each clinical stage to highlight integration points and gaps.
This study deals with optimizing material selection for hydrogen storage tanks using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for sustainable energy applications. A cylindrical tank with hemispherical ends was modelled in Fusion 360 and evaluated in ANSYS 2024 R1 under a uniform internal pressure of 70 MPa. Four candidate materials (carbon fibre, titanium alloy, stainless steel, and aluminum alloy) were comparatively assessed through structural, thermal, and modal analyses. Results show that carbon fibre exhibited the lowest von Mises stress of 85 MPa with moderate deformation of 1.2 mm, indicating high stress efficiency but limited stiffness. Titanium alloy demonstrated a balanced response of 201 MPa stress and 1.8 mm deformation, while stainless steel recorded the highest stress of 320 MPa with controlled deformation of 2.1 mm. Aluminum alloy showed the largest deformation of 2.8 mm, reducing its suitability for standalone high-pressure use. Thermal analysis confirmed carbon fibre’s superior insulation performance, whereas metallic materials exhibited higher heat flux. Overall, titanium alloy emerged as the most structurally reliable material, while carbon fibre is better suited for insulation or hybrid reinforcement. The findings provide a comparative design framework for safe and sustainable hydrogen storage applications.
Aromatic herbs of the family Lamiaceae are mainly represented by several economically important genera in the subfamily Nepetoideae, including Mentha, Ocimum, Origanum, Rosmarinus, Thymus, Lavandula, and Perilla. These plants originated mainly in the Mediterranean region, Southwest Asia, and tropical America, and are now widely distributed throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. This paper systematically reviews the global history of breeding within this taxonomic group of, key aromatic genera of Lamiaceae synthesizes the patterns of its utilization and dissemination, and divides its development and evolution into four key phases: The first phase is the pre-breeding stage (before 1000 BCE), driven primarily by basic human survival needs, during which wild resources were utilized directly without the development of artificial cultivation or directed selection; The second stage is the early introduction and preliminary domestication stage (1000–500 BCE), during which the expansion of ancient trade facilitated the cross-regional dissemination of species, and the domestication of germplasm began through simple phenotypic selection under artificial cultivation; The third phase is the conventional breeding stage, from 500 BCE to the late 20th century, which was driven by increasing commercial demand. During this period, clonal selection, phenotypic selection, and hybridization were gradually developed and widely applied, enabling the stable retention of desirable traits and the formation of diverse regionally distinctive local germplasm. The fourth phase is the modern molecular breeding stage, from the 21st century to the present, which has developed alongside scientific and technological advances. This stage includes molecular breeding strategies based on genome sequencing, identification of genes associated with essential oil biosynthesis and stress tolerance, and marker-assisted selection. However, despite significant progress in the breeding of these key aromatic plant genera of Lamiaceae, the commercialization process still faces multiple bottlenecks: low genetic conversion efficiency in most species, scarcity of genomic resources for niche groups, lengthy traditional breeding cycles, and the lack of a comprehensive germplasm evaluation system, as well as the fragmentation of phenotype-genotype association databases. Future research priorities include: (1) establishing a globally standardized database of Lamiaceae aromatic germplasm resources; (2) integrating multi-omics approaches, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, to elucidate the genetic regulatory networks underlying essential oil biosynthesis and stress resistance; and (3) optimizing gene-editing and genetic transformation protocols for both major and underutilized aromatic Lamiaceae species. This review provides a historical and theoretical framework for the genetic improvement, germplasm utilization, and industrial development of key aromatic genera of Lamiaceae.
Floating offshore wind-based green hydrogen production has emerged as a viable alternative to conventional electricity generation and transmission. Large scale, long duration offshore hydrogen storage is a critical component. A subsea isobaric hydrogen storage concept is proposed in this study. A detailed levelized cost of storage (LCOS) analysis is conducted from the perspective of life cycle assessment for the first time. The findings yield several new insights and provide recommendations for optimizing the techno-economic performance of subsea isobaric hydrogen storage technology. Transportation and installation costs are significant contributors to overall expenses. In the benchmark scenario with a 200-m water depth and a weekly cycling rate, the calculated LCOS is 0.52 USD/kg H2, which is substantially lower than that of conventional pressurized container storage with the value of 1.33 USD/kg H2. And the LCOS decreases with the increasing water depth. The LCOS is 0.14 USD/kg H2 when the water depth is 800 m. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the LCOS is primarily influenced by the hydrogen storage accumulator, while the impact of the wind farm is marginal. The LCOS demonstrates high sensitivity to water depth of storage, storage volume per hydrogen accumulator, and the lifetime of hydrogen accumulators. These results provide valuable guidance for the design and deployment of cost-effective subsea isobaric hydrogen storage systems.
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the synthesis, use, and advantages of cyclodextrin-derivatized ferrimagnetic nanoparticles for the removal of textile dyes from natural waters. Dyes make their way into natural water systems and affect ecosystems and human health. Water soluble natural cyclodextrins (CD) are able to include dyes into their hydrophobic cavities. To extract the pollutant from water, the host molecules need to be tethered to insoluble supports, such as magnetic nanoparticles, making possible the extraction of the pollutant from the water using a simple magnet. Thus, after washing treatment, the pollutant is extracted, and the support is regenerated for a new remediation cycle. We report herein the synthetic strategies to immobilize β-cyclodextrin onto magnetic nanoparticles MNP@CD using weak to strong bindings, and the analytical methods used to characterize and monitor their effectiveness. Hydroxyl groups present on the CD scaffold can chelate iron cores by coprecipitation, solvothermal reaction, polymerization, carboxylic acid coordination, and silica bonding. An assessment of various dye adsorption capacities of MNP@CD is reported, spanning a range of 3 orders of magnitude, from 2.38 to 2780 mg of dye/g. The recyclability of the magnetic nanoparticles, with excellent removal rates of 90% after a few cycles, is also discussed.
