Perovskite-layer structured (PLS) piezoelectric ceramics, featuring ultrahigh Curie temperatures (TC), high electrical resistivity (ρ), and excellent thermal stability, are promising for sensing above 600 °C. However, poor densifiability, difficult poling, and low piezoelectric coefficients (d33) still limit their practical applications. Focusing mainly on advances since 2018, this review critically evaluates recent progress in the structural understanding, compositional design, and processing of PLS ceramics. Improved control of lattice distortion, polarization switching, densification, and grain orientation has increased d33 to approximately 3–4 pC/N in Sr2Nb2O7-based ceramics and approximately 9 pC/N in La2Ti2O7-based systems. Nevertheless, in situ high-temperature piezoelectric data, long-term stability studies, and device-level validation remain limited. Further progress requires synergistic composition-processing optimization and standardized high-temperature evaluation to advance PLS ceramics toward practical ultrahigh-temperature sensing applications.
In this paper, the interaction, surface, and micelle properties of the mixed system of cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), nonionic surfactant Tween-20, and Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 (CBBG250) were studied by the surface tension method and spectroscopy method. The characteristic absorption peak in the spectra of CBBG250 is obviously changed by the addition of surfactant. The results show that the surfactant system has a synergistic effect with the aqueous solution of CBBG250. Also, cationic-nonionic mixed surfactants (CTAB/Tween-20) were used in different combinations to understand the effect of interaction with CBBG250 on surface tension and critical micelle concentration. To further study the interaction of dyes with surfactants, the Rubingh and Motomura models were used, and a series of interaction parameters and thermodynamic data were obtained.
People often evaluate significant life events by the extent to which they believe these events have affected their well-being and health. Such appraisals—rather than the mere occurrence of an event—may be more closely related to well-being and health. Personality may be linked to how people appraise events as having a more positive or negative impact on their well-being and health, and these associations may vary with age. To test this hypothesis, we conducted pre-registered multi-level analyses in a large sample of German-speaking adults (n = 6688; 18–90 years), who identified the most impactful event from the prior two years and rated its positive and negative impact on their subjective well-being, physical health, and mental health. Emotional stability and conscientiousness were the most consistent correlates of more favorable evaluations (i.e., higher positive and lower negative impact). However, these patterns varied with age: conscientiousness was more strongly related to favorable evaluations in younger adults, and emotional stability in older adults. These findings align with regulatory capacities across adulthood: self-regulatory capacities may be particularly relevant when adult roles are being built in young adulthood, whereas affect-regulatory capacities may be particularly relevant when losses loom, and emotion regulation is prioritized in older adulthood.
