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Optimizing SI Engine Performance and Emissions with Gasoline-Ethanol and Gasoline-Methanol Blends

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Optimizing SI Engine Performance and Emissions with Gasoline-Ethanol and Gasoline-Methanol Blends

Firi Ziyad 1,* Sultan Aman 2 Habtamu Alemayehu 3 Adamu Hailu 4
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1
College of Engineering and Technology, Kabridahar University, Kabridahar 3060, Ethiopia
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya 138, Ethiopia
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oda Bultum University, Chiro 136, Ethiopia
*
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Received: 12 December 2025 Revised: 04 January 2026 Accepted: 30 January 2026 Published: 25 February 2026

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© 2026 The authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Clean Energy Sustain. 2026, 4(1), 10003; DOI: 10.70322/ces.2026.10003
ABSTRACT: Although fossil fuels are the primary source of energy in the world, their greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants provide serious environmental problems. This study uses a gasoline blend with ethanol and methanol to examine the emissions and performance of a spark ignition (SI) engine. An experimental design focused on engine input factors such as load and fuel blends. Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were examined about these parameters using Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal array and ANOVA via Minitab 18. The results show that 80% engine load and a 15% blend for both ethanol and methanol provide the best engine performance, greatly lowering BSFC and raising BTE. Notably, 20% engine load and 15% blend result in the lowest CO emissions, whilst 20% load and 0% blend result in the lowest NOx emissions. Also, 20% load and 15% blend result in the lowest HC emissions. This study highlights the potential of alternative fuel blends to improve engine efficiency and reduce hazardous emissions.
Keywords: Gasoline; Methanol; Ethanol; Taguchi; Optimization
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