Production and Calibration of a Lambertian Surface Based on Barium Sulfate (BaSO4) for the Calibration of Multispectral Cameras

lssue 3, Volume 2
Part of Special Issue: Distributed Theory in Applications of Autonomous Vehicles
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Production and Calibration of a Lambertian Surface Based on Barium Sulfate (BaSO4) for the Calibration of Multispectral Cameras

Daniel Carvalho Granemann 1 Adão Robson Elias 2,* Henrique dos Santos Felipetto 2 Fernanda Sayuri Yoshino Watanabe 3 Edson Luis Piroli 4
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1
Department of Civil Engineering, Campus Apucarana-PR, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Apucarana 86812-460, Brazil
2
Department of Surveying, Campus Pato Branco-PR, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco 85503-390, Brazil
3
Department of Cartographic Engineering, College of Science and Technology (FCT), Campus Presidente Prudente-SP, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
4
College of Science, Technology and Education (FCTE), Campus Ourinhos-SP, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Ourinhos 19903-302, Brazil
*
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Received: 26 April 2025 Accepted: 19 June 2025 Published: 26 June 2025

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© 2025 The authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Drones Veh. Auton. 2025, 2(3), 10012; DOI: 10.70322/dav.2025.10012
ABSTRACT: Drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are increasingly utilized across diverse fields such as agriculture, environmental analysis, and engineering due to their ability to capture high-quality multispectral imagery. To ensure the accuracy of these images, radiometric calibration of onboard multispectral cameras is essential. This study aimed to develop and calibrate a low-cost Lambertian surface using barium sulfate (BaSO4) for radiometric calibration of UAV-mounted multispectral cameras. A stainless steel mold was designed to compact BaSO4, and the resulting surface was calibrated using an ASD FieldSpec HandHeld UV/NIR spectroradiometer and a Spectralon plate as the reference standard. Results showed a strong correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.9988) between the BaSO4 surface and the Spectralon plate, confirming that the BaSO4-based surface is a cost-effective alternative for producing diffuse Lambertian surfaces with performance comparable to the standard.
Keywords: UAV; Multispectral; Surface; Diffuse
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