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Tolerance in Solventogenic Clostridia for Enhanced Butanol Production: Genetic Mechanisms and Recent Strain Engineering Advances

Synthetic Biology and Engineering. 2024, 2(2), 10007; https://doi.org/10.35534/sbe.2024.10007
Pablo Jiménez-Bonilla 1,2    Shangjun Wang 1    Tyler Whitfield 1    David Blersch 1    Yifen Wang 1    Luz-Estela Gonzalez-de-Bashan 3,4,5    Wei Luo 6    Yi Wang 1,7,8 *   
1
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
2
Universidad Nacional (UNA), Omar Dengo Campus, Heredia, 40101, Costa Rica
3
Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), Av. IPN 195, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
4
The Bashan Institute of Science, 1730 Post Oak Court, Auburn AL 36830, USA
5
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
6
The key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
7
Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
8
Current address: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616 USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 02 Feb 2024    Accepted: 01 Apr 2024    Published: 08 Apr 2024   

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Abstract

Biobutanol is a promising candidate for replacing fossil fuels due to its superior properties compared to ethanol. Solventogenic clostridia can naturally produce biobutanol among other valuable chemicals. Lignocellulosic material stands out as a promising source for biobutanol production, avoiding competition with food production and making use of residues from both agroindustry and forestry activities. However, Clostridium strains are subject to different chemical stressors, including oxygen, self-product inhibition, inhibitors generated during biomass pretreatment and hydrolysis, and others. Recent advances in genetic engineering tools have enabled the metabolic engineering of Clostridium strains to increase their robustness and tolerance to these stressors. This review provides a summary of the various types of inhibitors, the genetic mechanisms related to tolerance, and recent strain engineering efforts for tolerance enhancement. In addition, we offer a valuable perspective on the future research directions in this area.

Keywords

Clostridium, Butanol production, Tolerance, Inhibitors, Metabolic engineering, CRISPR

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