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Comprehensive Characterization and Analysis of Key Agronomic Traits and Glucosinolate Profiles in Leaf Mustard

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Comprehensive Characterization and Analysis of Key Agronomic Traits and Glucosinolate Profiles in Leaf Mustard

Zhenzhu Hu 1,2,† Lianyong Yang 3,† Jiawei Hu 1,2 Huiping Huang 1,2 Xincheng Sun 3 Lin Huang 3 Junwei Wang 1,2 Ke Huang 1,2,* Qiuyun Wu 1,2,*

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1
College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
2
Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
3
Changde Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changde 415000, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.

Received: 11 June 2026 Revised: 29 June 2026 Accepted: 30 July 2026 Published: 12 August 2026

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© 2026 The authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Biobreeding 2026, 1(3), 10013; DOI: 10.70322/biobreeding.2026.10013
ABSTRACT: Leaf mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important leafy vegetable highly valued for its diverse flavor and nutrient compounds, particularly glucosinolates. However, different varieties of leaf mustard exhibit substantial phenotypic variation and varying glucosinolate content. In this study, we systematically assessed the phenotypic variability and glucosinolate content among 86 genotypes of leaf mustard. The Shannon-Wiener index for qualitative traits ranged from 0.10 (leaf surface gloss) to 1.60 (leaf shape), while for quantitative traits, it ranged from 1.85 (petiole length) to 2.07 (leaf width). Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into three distinct clusters, with hierarchical clustering indicating that yield-related traits were the primary factors distinguishing these groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that eight components accounted for 87.44% of the total variance in yield and glucosinolate attributes. Based on comprehensive scoring, the top five genotypes (A645, A464, A512, A702, and A445), exhibiting diverse characteristics, were identified as promising candidates for breeding programs. Moreover, our results suggest that leaf mustard leaves with deeper or more numerous lobes contain higher concentrations of glucoraphanin. Collectively, these findings provide valuable genetic resources to advance leaf mustard breeding.
Keywords: Brassica juncea; Germplasm evaluation; Agronomic traits; Correlation analysis
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