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Holdiversity (和多样性): An Integrative Concept Toward Sustainability

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Holdiversity (和多样性): An Integrative Concept Toward Sustainability

Wen Xiao 1,2,3,4,5,6,* Wei Deng 1,4,5 Yi-Ting Cheng 1,4,5

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1
Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
2
International Centre of Biodiversity and Primates Conservation, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
3
Center for Cultural Ecology in Northwest Yunnan, Dali 671003, China
4
Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility in the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
5
Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
6
Yunling Black-and-White Snub-Nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali 671003, China
*
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Received: 16 February 2026 Revised: 19 March 2026 Accepted: 27 May 2026 Published: 08 June 2026

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© 2026 The authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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J. Watershed Ecol. 2026, 1(1), 10007; DOI: 10.70322/jwe.2026.10007
ABSTRACT: Facing the multiple challenges brought about by global change and social development, this paper proposes the conceptual framework of “Holdiversity (和多样性)”, which defines human diversity, biological diversity, and environmental diversity as an interdependent, co-evolving, coupled system. This approach aims to systematically comprehend the synergistic mechanisms between humans and nature, facilitating the construction of trade-off strategies for sustainable development. Furthermore, this paper proposes that the watershed can serve as a fundamental operational unit for Holdiversity research. Its distinct natural boundaries and hierarchical structure enable it to effectively carry the spatial superposition and feedback coupling of multiple diversities. This concept aims to provide an integrated framework for interdisciplinary research and to offer a novel perspective on implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Keywords: Watershed; Watershed ecology; Sustainable development; Interdisciplinary; Humans and nature; SDGs

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