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Figure 1.
Process flowsheets for calcium propionate, malic acid, and butanol production from biobased feedstocks.
Figure 2.
Continuous ABE fermentation with C. acetobutylicum ATCC55025 immobilized in FBB fed with medium containing 60 g/L glucose and 5 g/L butyric acid at the dilution rate of 1.88 h−1. Butanol production declined continuously after ~400 h due to culture degeneration or cell aging with reduced vitality (productivity).