Spatial Analysis in Bioclimatic Architecture: Meteora, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Greece

ABSTRACT: This study analyzes Meteora in Greece, a tourism destination whose spatial formation is shaped by bioclimatic factors, as a case study. The study analyzes how orientation, wind influence, thermal mass, and microclimate conditions affect spatial organization and architectural typologies. The relationship between space and climate is investigated using spatial mapping, orientation analysis, field observation, and photographic documentation methods. Findings indicate that monastic entrances are predominantly oriented toward southeastern exposures to maximize winter solar gain and reduce northern wind impact, while hermit caves cluster on south-facing rock surfaces, benefiting from thermal stability. The study concludes that Meteora represents an early example of climate-adaptive spatial planning, where bioclimatic intelligence shaped both sacred settlement patterns and contemporary tourism sustainability.