Full-Spectrum Heart Failure Management by Tracking Performance of Multiple Cardiac Chambers via Cardiac Time Intervals

ABSTRACT: Congestive heart failure (CHF) encompasses both reduced and preserved ejection fraction phenotypes. Modern management increasingly demands actionable insights into cardiac function beyond standard vitals. Cardiac time intervals (CTIs), including mitral valve closure (MVC), aortic valve opening (AVO), aortic valve closure (AVC), and mitral valve opening (MVO), as well as isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT) and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), offer a window into the electromechanical timing of systole and diastole. These intervals provide clinically relevant markers of systolic function, diastolic filling dynamics, and chamber compliance. In HFrEF (reduced ejection fraction), CTI monitoring captures deterioration in contractile efficiency; in HFpEF (preserved ejection fraction), diastolic stiffness and shortened filling times can be tracked. Remote CTI monitoring facilitates timely therapy adjustments, prevents hospitalizations, empowers patients in their disease management, and provides clinicians with early warning signals of worsening physiology. CTIs enable a comprehensive, non-invasive assessment of cardiac chamber performance. This is especially relevant across the full spectrum of heart failure, including both HFrEF and HFpEF. The ability to deliver precise cardiac timing data outside of traditional clinical settings makes it a transformative tool for proactive, physiology-based heart failure management.