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The Lanthanum-Modified Zeolite for Efficient Removal of Glyphosate: Adsorption Behaviors and Mechanisms

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The Lanthanum-Modified Zeolite for Efficient Removal of Glyphosate: Adsorption Behaviors and Mechanisms

Xiaomeng Zhou 1,† Junfeng Li 1,† Mengmeng Deng 1 Xiaodi Li 1,* Jinming Yi 1 Siqi Li 1 Junxia Yu 1 Chunqiao Xiao 1 Yuefei Zhang 1 Ruan Chi 1,2 Bo Hu 3 Jie Cao 3 Songlin Zheng 3

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1
State Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient Development of Phosphorus Resources, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Hubei Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430079, China
2
Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, China
3
Hubei Taisheng Chemical Co., Ltd., Yichang 443711, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.

Received: 08 April 2026 Revised: 14 May 2026 Accepted: 16 July 2026 Published: 31 July 2026

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© 2026 The authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Green Chem. Technol. 2026, 3(4), 10025; DOI: 10.70322/gct.2026.10025
ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is one of the most extensively used organophosphorus herbicides; however, its excessive application and environmental residues have severely threatened aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, a highly efficient lanthanum-modified zeolite (LMZ) adsorbent was synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and its adsorption behaviors and underlying mechanisms for glyphosate removal were systematically investigated. LMZ exhibited exceptional adsorption performance over a broad pH range of 3.0–7.0, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 217.39 mg/g. The adsorption process was well described by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, indicating a monolayer chemisorption process. Notably, LMZ demonstrated remarkable adsorption selectivity and excellent regenerability, maintaining a high adsorption capacity even after five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. In practical application assessments with simulated wastewater, glyphosate removal efficiency exceeded 90% at an adsorbent dosage of 7.5 g/L. Furthermore, dynamic column experiments confirmed that LMZ could maintain effective continuous adsorption, highlighting its substantial application potential for treating glyphosate-contaminated wastewater. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopic characterizations revealed that this outstanding adsorption capability is primarily driven by inner-sphere complexation induced by ligand exchange at the La-OH active sites.
Keywords: Lanthanum-modified zeolite; Glyphosate; Adsorption; Ligand exchange
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