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Microstructure, Mechanical and Ablation Properties of Csf Reinforced C-ZrC-CuNi Composites

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Microstructure, Mechanical and Ablation Properties of Csf Reinforced C-ZrC-CuNi Composites

Haibo Ouyang * Yumiao Xing Cuiyan Li * Siyi Qi Tianzhan Shen Yanlei Li Xiaoyue Sun Shuai Zhang Xinnuo Wang Xilin Wang Xinge Niu

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Key Laboratory for Green Manufacturing & Functional Application of Inorganic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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Received: 17 July 2026 Revised: 10 August 2026 Accepted: 27 August 2026 Published: 09 September 2026

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© 2026 The authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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High-Temp. Mater. 2026, 3(3), 10019; DOI: 10.70322/htm.2026.10019
ABSTRACT: This study employs short-cut carbon fibers of varying contents as the reinforcing phase and prepares Csf/C-ZrC-CuNi composites via spark plasma sintering. The effects of short-cut carbon fiber content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and ablation resistance of the composites are systematically investigated, and the fiber toughening and synergistic protection mechanisms are analyzed. The results indicate that the introduction of carbon fibers significantly suppresses the cracking tendency of the composites after ablation and promotes the formation of Cu2O and NiO, both of which act as sintering aids to densify the ZrO2 oxide layer, thereby synergistically enhancing the ablation resistance of the composites. At a carbon fiber content of 10 wt.%, the composites exhibit optimal comprehensive performance: the lowest ablation center temperature (2268 °C), a mass ablation rate of 2.00 mg/s, a linear ablation rate of −3.20 μm/s, and a flexural strength of 53.1 MPa. This study provides experimental evidence for the compositional design and performance optimization of ceramic composite high-temperature thermal protection materials.
Keywords: Csf/C-ZrC-CuNi composite; Short carbon fiber; Spark plasma sintering; Ablation resistance
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